Kids Health: What is Congenital Hyperthyroidism in Children? Know Causes, Symptoms, Prevention, and More

Kids Health: Congenital hypothyroidism occurs when a newborn is born with an underactive thyroid gland. The thyroid is a tiny gland located in the front of the neck whose major job is to create thyroid hormones, which are required for the baby’s entire development, including brain, bone, dental, and physical growth. Congenital hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid fails to produce enough thyroid hormone from the time of birth. This can be caused by the thyroid gland's absence or faulty development (thyroid dysgenesis), or it might occur later as a result of autoimmune diseases. Excessive tiredness, poor feeding, constipation, jaundice that lasts more than 14 days, or delayed developmental milestones are all red flags. 

Early Signs and Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism 

A universal newborn screening is strongly recommended for the early detection of hypothyroidism. This can be accomplished by drawing cord blood at delivery or performing a painless heel prick test within the first week of life. Even if the newborn has no visible symptoms, this screening enables timely intervention. If the diagnosis is confirmed, thyroid hormone tablets will be administered as treatment. These work as hormone replacements and have no negative effects if taken in the proper quantity. In certain situations, children may begin making sufficient thyroid hormone by the age of three, allowing the therapy to be discontinued.  With careful management, children with hypothyroidism can attain normal growth and development on par with their peers.